Warm Up 2/24

11. Identify all of the cellular and molecular layers that a molecule would have to pass through in order to be ultrafiltered and then reabsorbed into the bloodstream within a single nephron

·      Capillary bed called the glomerulus

·      Basement membrane

·      Podocyte

·      Filtrate

·      Outer lining of Bowman’s capsule

22. Some, but not all, substances can be tested for in the urine of a patient.  Why do some substances present in the bloodstream show up in urine samples and others do not?

·      Not all substances are filtered out and exit the body through urine.

33.    

a.     Predict the relative amount of ADH produced in a person who has been drinking lots of water and has not been exercising recently.  Justify your prediction.

·      ADH levels will be low because the intake of water and lack of exercise results in proper water levels in the body

b.     Predict the relative amount of ADH produced in a person who has been exercising vigorously and has not had chance to completely hydrate themselves.  Justify your prediction.

·      ADH levels will be high because the lack of water in the bloodstream triggers a release of ADH

44. The filtering action of the kidneys does not eliminate urea from the bloodstream.  Why is complete elimination of urea not necessary?

·      Urea is non-toxic, so not all of it needs to be eliminated.  Urea can be reabsorbed by the body, broken down, and used for other things.